How Many Climatologists Believe In In Climate Change

Temperature information showing rapid warming in the by few decades, the latest data going up to 2021. According to NASA, 2016 and 2020 are tied for the warmest year since 1880, standing a long-term trend of ascension global temperatures. The viii most recent years have been the warmest. Credit: NASA's Goddard Plant for Space Studies

In Brief:

A consensus on climatic change and its human cause exists. Multiple studies published in peer-reviewed scientific journals bear witness that human activities are the primary cause of the observed climate-warming trend over the past century.

Multiple studies published in peer-reviewed scientific journalsⁱ evidence that 97 percent or more of actively publishing climate scientists concord*: Climate-warming trends over the past century are extremely likely due to human activities. In add-on, about of the leading scientific organizations worldwide have issued public statements endorsing this position. The post-obit is a partial list of these organizations, forth with links to their published statements and a selection of related resources.

AMERICAN SCIENTIFIC SOCIETIES

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Statement on Climate change from 18 Scientific Associations

"Observations throughout the world make information technology articulate that climatic change is occurring, and rigorous scientific research demonstrates that the greenhouse gases emitted by man activities are the primary driver." (2009)^two

• 

  American Association for the Advocacy of Science

  "Based on well-established show, about 97% of climate scientists have concluded that human being-caused climate change is happening." (2014)³

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  American Chemical Society

  "The Earth's climate is changing in response to increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and particulate thing in the temper, largely equally the result of human being activities." (2016-2019)^iv

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  American Geophysical Marriage

  "Based on all-encompassing scientific bear witness, it is extremely likely that human being activities, especially emissions of greenhouse gases, are the dominant crusade of the observed warming since the mid-20th century. In that location is no alterative explanation supported past convincing evidence." (2019)^v

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  American Medical Association

  "Our AMA ... supports the findings of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's fourth cess written report and concurs with the scientific consensus that the Globe is undergoing agin global climate change and that anthropogenic contributions are significant." (2019)^vi

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  American Meteorological Society

  "Research has found a human influence on the climate of the past several decades ... The IPCC (2013), USGCRP (2017), and USGCRP (2018) indicate that it is extremely likely that human influence has been the dominant crusade of the observed warming since the mid-twentieth century." (2019)^seven

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  American Physical Society

  "Earth's changing climate is a critical outcome and poses the risk of significant ecology, social and economic disruptions around the earth. While natural sources of climate variability are meaning, multiple lines of show indicate that human influences take had an increasingly ascendant effect on global climate warming observed since the mid-twentieth century." (2015)^viii

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  The Geological Social club of America

  "The Geological Society of America (GSA) concurs with assessments past the National Academies of Science (2005), the National Research Council (2011), the Intergovernmental Panel on Climatic change (IPCC, 2013) and the U.Southward. Global Change Enquiry Plan (Melillo et al., 2014) that global climate has warmed in response to increasing concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases ... Human activities (mainly greenhouse-gas emissions) are the dominant crusade of the rapid warming since the middle 1900s (IPCC, 2013)." (2015)⁹

Scientific discipline ACADEMIES

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International Academies: Joint Argument

"Climate change is existent. There volition always be uncertainty in understanding a organization as complex every bit the globe'southward climate. Nevertheless there is now strong evidence that significant global warming is occurring. The evidence comes from direct measurements of ascent surface air temperatures and subsurface ocean temperatures and from phenomena such equally increases in average global sea levels, retreating glaciers, and changes to many concrete and biological systems. It is probable that most of the warming in recent decades can be attributed to homo activities (IPCC 2001)." (2005, 11 international science academies)^ten

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  U.S. National Academy of Sciences

  "Scientists have known for some time, from multiple lines of evidence, that humans are irresolute Earth's climate, primarily through greenhouse gas emissions."¹¹

U.S. Authorities AGENCIES

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  U.S. Global Change Research Programme

  "Earth's climate is at present changing faster than at any indicate in the history of modern civilization, primarily as a result of man activities." (2018, 13 U.S. government departments and agencies)¹²

INTERGOVERNMENTAL BODIES

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  Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

  "Warming of the climate arrangement is unequivocal, and since the 1950s, many of the observed changes are unprecedented over decades to millennia. The atmosphere and bounding main have warmed, the amounts of snowfall and ice have diminished, and sea level has risen."¹³

  "Human influence on the climate system is clear, and contempo anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases are the highest in history. Recent climate changes have had widespread impacts on human being and natural systems."^xiv

OTHER RESOURCES

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List of Worldwide Scientific Organizations

The following page lists the most 200 worldwide scientific organizations that hold the position that climatic change has been caused by human activeness.
http://world wide web.opr.ca.gov/facts/list-of-scientific-organizations.html

U.S. Agencies

The following page contains information on what federal agencies are doing to suit to climate change.
https://www.c2es.org/site/assets/uploads/2012/02/climate-alter-accommodation-what-federal-agencies-are-doing.pdf

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*Technically, a "consensus" is a general agreement of opinion, but the scientific method steers us abroad from this to an objective framework. In science, facts or observations are explained by a hypothesis (a statement of a possible explanation for some natural phenomenon), which can and so be tested and retested until it is refuted (or disproved).

As scientists gather more than observations, they will build off one explanation and add details to complete the film. Eventually, a group of hypotheses might be integrated and generalized into a scientific theory, a scientifically adequate general principle or body of principles offered to explain phenomena.

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References​

1. J. Cook, et al, "Consensus on consensus: a synthesis of consensus estimates on human-acquired global warming," Ecology Research Letters Vol. 11 No. 4, (13 April 2016); DOI:10.1088/1748-9326/11/4/048002

   Quotation from page half dozen: "The number of papers rejecting AGW [Anthropogenic, or human-acquired, Global Warming] is a miniscule proportion of the published research, with the percentage slightly decreasing over time. Among papers expressing a position on AGW, an overwhelming percent (97.2% based on self-ratings, 97.one% based on abstruse ratings) endorses the scientific consensus on AGW."

   J. Cook, et al, "Quantifying the consensus on anthropogenic global warming in the scientific literature," Environmental Research Letters Vol. eight No. 2, (15 May 2013); DOI:10.1088/1748-9326/viii/two/024024

   Quotation from page 3: "Amongst abstracts that expressed a position on AGW, 97.1% endorsed the scientific consensus. Among scientists who expressed a position on AGW in their abstract, 98.iv% endorsed the consensus."

   W. R. L. Anderegg, "Skillful Brownie in Climate change," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 107 No. 27, 12107-12109 (21 June 2010); DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1003187107.

   P. T. Doran & Thousand. K. Zimmerman, "Examining the Scientific Consensus on Climatic change," Eos Transactions American Geophysical Union Vol. ninety Issue iii (2009), 22; DOI: 10.1029/2009EO030002.

   N. Oreskes, "Across the Ivory Tower: The Scientific Consensus on Climate change," Science Vol. 306 no. 5702, p. 1686 (3 December 2004); DOI: 10.1126/science.1103618.

2. Argument on climate alter from 18 scientific associations (2009)
3. AAAS Lath Statement on Climate Modify (2014)
4. ACS Public Policy Statement: Climate change (2016-2019)
5. Society Must Address the Growing Climate Crisis Now (2019)​
6. Global Climate Change and Homo Health (2019)
7. Climate Change: An Information Statement of the American Meteorological Lodge (2019)
8. APS National Policy 07.1 Climatic change (2015)
9. GSA Position Argument on Climate change (2015)
10. Joint science academies' argument: Global response to climate modify (2005)
11. Climate at the National Academies
12. 4th National Climate Assessment: Book Ii (2018)
13. IPCC Fifth Assessment Study, Summary for Policymakers (2014)
14. IPCC 5th Assessment Report, Summary for Policymakers (2014)

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Source: https://climate.nasa.gov/scientific-consensus/

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